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- <text id=91TT0002>
- <link 90TT0053>
- <link 90TT0013>
- <title>
- Jan. 07, 1991: Romania:If At First You Don't Succeed
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Jan. 07, 1991 Men Of The Year:The Two George Bushes
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 64
- ROMANIA
- If At First You Don't Succeed...
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>One year after the revolt that toppled Ceausescu, many
- Romanians feel the country needs a second revolution
- </p>
- <p>By JOHN BORRELL/VIENNA--With reporting by Sean
- Hillen/Timisoara
- </p>
- <p> The same threadbare clothes on the backs and scuffed boots
- on the feet of the protesters, the same anger on their faces as
- they trudge through the winter slush in a dozen Romanian cities,
- the same shouted slogans and crumpled banners demanding the
- government's ouster. In the year since a spontaneous eruption
- of fury on Romanian streets toppled the Communist regime, only
- the names on the lips of the marchers seem to have changed.
- Whereas last year the demonstrators called for the ouster of
- dictator Nicolae Ceausescu, now they are demanding the
- resignation of President Ion Iliescu and his Prime Minister,
- Petre Roman.
- </p>
- <p> That there were protests rather than celebrations on the
- anniversary of Ceausescu's downfall reflects a growing belief
- that the bloody revolution of 1989 has brought little change to
- Romania. Not only are food shortages as severe as they were
- under Ceausescu, but the government is promising even tougher
- times ahead as part of its planned economic reform. There is
- resentment too that few of Ceausescu's aides or members of the
- Securitate secret police have been brought to trial and that the
- ruling National Salvation Front, which won more than 80% of the
- vote in elections last May, is composed largely of former
- Communists.
- </p>
- <p> Such disaffection has boosted the popularity of ex-King
- Michael, who was forced to abdicate in 1947 when the Communists
- came to power. Now a retired businessman living in Switzerland,
- the 69-year-old former King returned to Romania for the first
- time on Christmas Day to spend 24 hours visiting family graves.
- Although Michael and his family passed unhindered through
- Bucharest airport, the party was later stopped on a highway and
- expelled next morning from Romania. Government spokesman Bogdan
- Baltazar called the visit a "cheap stunt." Back in Geneva,
- Michael said the Salvation Front "seemed frightened about
- everything."
- </p>
- <p> That observation was difficult to dispute. The lingering
- discontent seems basically a cry from the heart of a confused
- and unhappy country that is still unwilling to accept that there
- are no shortcuts to the prosperity everyone craves. Facing
- strikes by truck drivers, factory workers and students, the
- government has already backed away from introducing a second
- phase of market-oriented reforms that would decontrol prices of
- such essential commodities as bread and milk. It has also been
- forced by trade unions to reconsider a restrictive strike law
- and look again at raising unemployment benefits.
- </p>
- <p> The widespread hostility to the Front's economic reforms
- helped persuade it to enter into discussions two weeks ago on
- the possibility of forming a coalition government. Opposition
- leaders rejected a coalition last May, but the Liberal Party,
- the third largest political group in parliament, now backs a
- government of national unity. After recent talks with Liberal
- leader Radu Campeanu, Iliescu said he hoped the party would
- persuade other rival groups to join.
- </p>
- <p> While formation of a coalition government might temporarily
- ease political tensions, it would be unlikely to silence demands
- for a purge of all former Communists. Said George Serban,
- president of the Timisoara Society, a radical opposition
- movement in the city where the revolution began: "The new
- leaders are old figures in different clothing."
- </p>
- <p> Serban was one of 5,000 people who recently marched to
- Timisoara's Opera Square, where troops and Securitate agents
- opened fire a year ago on demonstrators protesting the arrest of
- the ethnic Hungarian pastor Laszlo Tokes. "Resign, Resign!" and
- "Help us get rid of the Front!" the marchers chanted.
- </p>
- <p> Tokes, now a bishop, has called for a "second revolution,"
- stressing that unlike last year's, it should be peaceful. He
- also has praised the newly formed Civic Alliance, a
- Bucharest-based movement that is trying to bring disparate
- groups together to oppose the Salvation Front.
- </p>
- <p> The Civic Alliance, which claims hundreds of thousands of
- supporters, backs Campeanu's call for a coalition government. It
- also proposes early elections, currently scheduled for 1992 and
- wants a referendum on whether Romania should be headed by an
- elected President or a constitutional monarch.
- </p>
- <p> In addition, the Alliance supports popular demands for the
- speedy prosecution of Ceausescu aides and Securitate agents who
- attempted to suppress last year's revolution. Only a handful of
- trials have been concluded, and thousands of former agents are
- not only still at large but have also found employment with a
- newly created intelligence service, which has some functions
- similar to the old Securitate. Intelligence chief Virgil
- Magureanu insists that the 6,000 former Securitate officers
- hired for new intelligence duties are all "uncompromised"
- agents. But his statement only heightens opposition concern
- that last year's revolution has been hijacked by longtime
- Communists intent on retaining power by any means possible.
- "Nothing has changed," said Elena Iotcovici, 47, a widow whose
- only son disappeared last year during the revolution. "Why
- haven't the Securitate men who took him been punished?" It is a
- question that many of Iotcovici's countrymen fear she may still
- be asking a year from now.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
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